Why use different oils or fats in your soap recipes? Each of the Lipids provide different characteristics to the finished product. So I complied a list of some of the most common oils that are used in soap making and gave a short description of the properties each one bring to the table. When creating your own soap recipe with your choice of ingredients, you will need a Saponification Chart. This is a listing of some of the most popular oils available to us in the soap making process.
Vegetable shortening is a good option if you have an aversion to animal based products.Soaps made with vegetable shortening tend to be relatively soft and don’t lather well, so it is best combined in a recipe with other oils But because it is relatively inexpensive it makes a good option for a recipe base.
Coconut oil is a white oil derived from the flesh of the coconut fruit. It is solid at room temperature, but melts easily when warmed. It is used extensively in many commercial activities including soaps, candle, baking and is readily available. Soaps made with coconut oil tend to be drying to the skin, so it should be used in limited quantities. It creates a very hard bar with generous creamy lather which many people find appealing.
Cocoa butter is produced from the seeds of the cacao tree. It is a hard rich oil separated out during the process of making cocoa. Cocoa butter produces a creamy hard bar and because it is an emollient, it smooths and softens the skin. It can be a little tricky to get it to melt with the rest of the oils in the recipe without going way over the intended 100-110 degree range, so I suggest you grate it, or use a hand blender in the oil mixture to ensure good combination of the oils before saponification is attempted.
Olive Oil comes in several grades. The different grades will produce slightly different qualities to the finished product, but all are suitable for soap making. My preference is Pomace Olive Oil because it leaves a slightly higher residual oil content in the soap and therefore is more moisturizing. In general it lathers reasonable well and is a very mild, high quality soap. Because it is a very hard bar, even though it tends to be brittle, it is one of the longest lasting soaps.
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Almond oil (sweet) is derived from almonds and contains vitamins and protein. It is best known for it’s cosmetic applications because of it’s ability to soften skin.
Lanolin – is a wax derived from sheep’s wool. With wonderful skin softening and moisturizing properties it can be a great addition for a luxurious bar, but it can also be a skin contact allergen, so it should be used sparingly and disclosed to the intended recipient